(c) Comment on profitability
The mark-up on cost of 81.82% for the year ended 31 August 2026 was better than 66.67% for the year ended 31 August 2025. This suggests that the business earned about $0.15 more gross profit for every dollar of cost of sales.
The profit margin of 11.12% for 2026 was worse than 12.35% for 2025. The business earned about $0.01 less profit for every dollar of net sales revenue in 2026. This suggests that the business is less efficient in managing its operating expenses in 2026 as compared to 2025.
The return on equity of 5.28% for 2026 was also worse than 6.12% for 2025. The business generated about $0.01 less profit for every dollar of equity invested by the owner.
Overall, both profit margin and return on equity have worsened. Hence, the business was less profitable in the year ended 31 August 2026 than in the year ended 31 August 2025.
A higher mark-up alone doesn’t make the business more profitable. Look at profit margin and return on equity too, then conclude.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less transaction cost. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
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(d) Accounting theory
Revenue recognition theory: revenue is earned when goods have been delivered or services have been provided, regardless of when payment is collected. (1)
[1]
(e) Why sell on credit any two
•Increase sales revenue. Selling on credit lets customers buy now and pay later. Customers without enough cash can still buy, so the business makes more sales, which increases revenue and profit.
•Encourage bulk purchases. As customers do not have to pay immediately, they may buy in larger quantities. Larger orders increase sales volume and revenue.
•Stay competitive. Competitors may already offer credit terms. If the business only accepts cash, customers may switch to competitors. Offering credit helps the business keep its customers and market share.
•Build customer loyalty. Credit terms are convenient and show trust in the customer. Customers given credit are more likely to keep buying from the business, giving it repeat sales and steadier revenue.
[2]
(f) Revenue of a service business any one
Consultancy fee revenue / Cleaning fee revenue / Tuition fee revenue / Legal fee revenue / Advertising fee revenue / Hairstyling fee revenue (1)
“Barbershop” is a type of business, not an account. “Received in advance” is a liability, not revenue.
[1]